HR estimates (95% CI) of the association between heart failure and HbA1c, based on the linear effect model (increase per 1% HbA1c) and categorised HbA1c variables
| HbA1c variable | Increase per 1% HbA1c | Categories of HbA1c | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <6% | 7%–8% | 8%–9% | 9%–10% | ≥10% | ||
| Baseline | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.07) | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.09) | 1.16 (1.08 to 1.25) | 1.30 (1.19 to 1.41) | 1.26 (1.14 to 1.39) | 1.36 (1.26 to 1.46) |
| Latest | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08) | 1.16 (1.07 to 1.25) | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.14) | 1.36 (1.24 to 1.49) | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.49) | 1.41 (1.24 to 1.60) |
| Updated mean | 1.15 (1.13 to 1.18) | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.15) | 1.21 (1.14 to 1.29) | 1.48 (1.36 to 1.60) | 1.64 (1.46 to 1.84) | 1.84 (1.60 to 2.13) |
The reference value for the categorical HbA1c variables was 6 to <7%. All HR estimates were adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, prior MI, prior stroke, blood pressure, use of medications (statins, β-blockers, ACEi, ARBs and ASA).
ACEi, ACE inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockade; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1C.